Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a challenging condition that affects millions worldwide. Because its causes are still not fully understood, finding effective and consistent treatment can be challenging. What works for one person might not work for another, adding to the frustration. However, emerging research is exploring the potential of CBD for IBS, offering a possible new path for relief. 

Let’s explore what IBS is, its symptoms and causes, conventional treatments, and, most importantly, the current research surrounding CBD for IBS. We’ll also discuss how to use CBD for IBS, the different types of CBD, other natural options, and answer some frequently asked questions.

What Is IBS?

IBS is a common digestive disorder characterized by a combination of abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel movements. It is considered a functional gastrointestinal disorder, meaning it does not cause structural damage but significantly impacts daily life.

IBS Symptoms

Common IBS symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Bloating and gas
• Diarrhea (IBS-D)
• Constipation (IBS-C)
• Alternating diarrhea and constipation (IBS-M)
• Mucus in stool
• Fatigue and sleep problems

IBS Causes

The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but potential triggers include:

Gut-brain axis dysfunction: The gut-brain axis is a complex communication network between your brain and your digestive system. When this communication is disrupted, it can lead to altered gut function and increased sensitivity to pain, contributing to IBS symptoms.

Abnormal gut motility: The muscles in your intestines contract and relax to move food through your digestive tract. In IBS, these contractions can become irregular or overly forceful, leading to diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between the two.

Low-grade intestinal inflammation: While not as severe as in inflammatory bowel diseases, some people with IBS have low levels of inflammation in their gut lining. This inflammation can contribute to increased sensitivity and altered gut function.

Food intolerances: Certain foods can trigger IBS symptoms in some people. Common culprits include gluten, dairy, fatty foods, and FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols).

Stress and anxiety: Stress and anxiety can exacerbate IBS symptoms. The gut-brain axis is highly sensitive to emotional states, and stress can lead to increased gut motility, inflammation, and pain perception.

Conventional Treatments for IBS

Treatment for IBS varies depending on the type and severity of symptoms. Common treatments include:

Dietary modifications (low FODMAP diet): A low FODMAP diet restricts certain types of carbohydrates that can be poorly absorbed in the small intestine, leading to fermentation by gut bacteria and potentially triggering IBS symptoms like gas, bloating, and diarrhea. This involves eliminating high-FODMAP foods for a period and then gradually reintroducing them to identify individual triggers.

Probiotics: Probiotics are live microorganisms (often bacteria) that, when consumed in adequate amounts, may offer health benefits by altering the gut microbiome. They may help regulate gut function and reduce symptoms like bloating and gas in some people with IBS. Different strains of probiotics may have different effects.

Medications such as antispasmodics, laxatives, and anti-diarrheal agents:

Antispasmodics: These medications help relax the smooth muscle in the intestines, reducing cramping and abdominal pain.

Laxatives: These medications help soften stool and promote bowel movements, useful for those with constipation-predominant IBS. Different types of laxatives work in different ways.

Anti-diarrheal agents: These medications can slow down the movement of stool through the intestines, reducing diarrhea in those with diarrhea-predominant IBS.

Psychological therapies (CBT, mindfulness):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that may contribute to stress and IBS symptoms. It can help develop coping mechanisms for managing pain and discomfort. 

Mindfulness: Mindfulness practices involve focusing attention on the present moment without judgment. This can help reduce stress and anxiety, and improve awareness of bodily sensations, potentially lessening the impact of IBS symptoms.

Lifestyle changes such as stress management and regular exercise:

Stress management: Techniques like deep breathing, yoga, meditation, and regular relaxation can help reduce stress levels, which can exacerbate IBS symptoms.

Regular exercise: Physical activity can improve overall health and well-being, and may also help regulate bowel function and reduce stress.

Why Patients May Be Unsatisfied with Conventional IBS Treatments

Despite the range of conventional treatments available, many IBS patients experience ongoing symptoms and dissatisfaction. Several factors contribute to this:

The “one-size-fits-all” approach: IBS is a complex condition with varying symptoms and triggers. What works for one person may not work for another. Finding the right combination of treatments often involves trial and error, which can be frustrating.

Focus on symptom management rather than root cause: Many conventional treatments focus on managing symptoms like diarrhea, constipation, or pain, without addressing the underlying cause of IBS. This can lead to temporary relief, but symptoms may return when treatment is stopped.

Side effects of medications: Some medications used to treat IBS can cause unwanted side effects, such as drowsiness, constipation, or diarrhea, further impacting quality of life.

Limited effectiveness of some treatments: For some individuals, dietary changes or over-the-counter medications may not provide sufficient relief from their symptoms. Psychological therapies, while helpful, require commitment and may not be readily accessible to everyone.

Difficulty adhering to dietary restrictions: The low FODMAP diet, while effective for some, can be restrictive and challenging to maintain long-term. It requires careful planning and may impact social situations and food enjoyment.

Frustration with the diagnostic process: Diagnosing IBS often involves ruling out other medical conditions, which can be a lengthy and sometimes invasive process. This can lead to frustration and a feeling that their concerns are not being taken seriously.

The chronic nature of IBS: IBS is often a chronic condition, meaning that symptoms can come and go over time. This can be discouraging for patients who are seeking a “cure” and can lead to feelings of hopelessness.

Impact of IBS on Daily Life

IBS can significantly affect quality of life, leading to:

• Anxiety and depression
• Reduced work productivity
• Social withdrawal
• Sleep problems

IBS Prognosis

While IBS is a chronic condition, symptoms can often be managed effectively with the right combination of diet, medication, lifestyle changes, and alternative treatments. However, finding the right treatment can be a long and frustrating process.

What is CBD and How Does it Interact with the Body?

CBD is a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis that interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS plays a role in regulating gut motility, pain perception, inflammation, and stress response—all of which are relevant to IBS.

Research suggests that targeting the ECS may help regulate gut function, reduce visceral pain, and modulate inflammation, making CBD a promising option for IBS management.

CBD for IBS: What Does Research Say?

A 2021 case report highlighted two patients who experienced long-term IBS improvement with CBD use, reducing their reliance on multiple medications. 

Case 1: 45-Year-Old Female: She suffered from severe IBS, depression, joint pain, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Despite trying numerous medications (including combinations at maximum tolerated doses), she saw only slight improvement. After starting CBD with 0.3% THC, her diarrhea greatly reduced, her joint pain almost disappeared, and her medication regimen simplified significantly.

Case 2: 22-Year-Old Female: This patient had debilitating IBS (sometimes requiring diapers), anxiety, and excessive sweating. After numerous failed treatments, she began CBD with 0.3% THC. She was able to stop several medications, and her IBS symptoms almost completely resolved, except for occasional premenstrual flare-ups.

Key Takeaways: Both patients experienced substantial, lasting IBS symptom improvement after starting CBD, even after failing multiple conventional treatments. They reduced their medication burden, and the first patient saw improvement in related conditions. The presence of THC (0.3%) may have contributed. While these are just two cases, they highlight the need for further research into CBD for IBS. They also suggest CBD as a potential alternative for patients with complex symptoms on complicated medication regimens.

Similarly, a 2023 review explored CBD’s potential for gut issues. It suggested CBD may reduce nausea/vomiting and interact with receptors affecting intestinal motility (food movement through the gut). Since IBS often involves anxiety, CBD’s anxiety-reducing effects could help. Thus, CBD’s interaction with the endocannabinoid system might offer a therapeutic option for IBS and related gut disorders affecting motility.

How to Use CBD for IBS

Choose the Right Product: Full-spectrum CBD oil is recommended for its entourage effect.

How to Take It: It is recommended that you put it under your tongue for fast absorption. You can also put it in your tea.

Start with a Low Dose: A typical CBD dosage for IBS starts at 10-25 mg per day.

Adjust Gradually: Increase the dose based on symptom relief and tolerance.

Take Consistently: Use CBD daily for best results.

Consider Timing: Taking CBD before meals may enhance digestion.

What’s Better for IBS: CBD Isolate, Broad-Spectrum, or Full-Spectrum CBD?

CBD products are available in three primary forms: isolate, broad-spectrum, and full-spectrum. CBD isolate contains only CBD, without any other cannabinoids and terpenes. 

Broad-spectrum CBD includes CBD alongside other naturally occurring hemp compounds like cannabinoids and terpenes, but it is processed to remove all THC. 

Full-spectrum CBD, on the other hand, retains all the naturally occurring compounds from hemp, including trace amounts of THC (typically less than 0.3%). 

This full complement of compounds is believed to contribute to the “entourage effect,” a proposed synergistic interaction where the combined therapeutic effect of cannabinoids and terpenes is greater than the sum of their individual effects. 

Consequently, full-spectrum CBD is often considered the preferred option due to its potential for enhanced efficacy via the entourage effect.

Other Natural Options for IBS

Peppermint Oil: Peppermint oil has been shown to relax the smooth muscle of the intestines, which can help reduce spasms and pain. Using peppermint oil in conjunction with CBD might offer more comprehensive relief from abdominal discomfort.

Ginger: Ginger can help reduce nausea, bloating, and inflammation. It may be particularly helpful for those experiencing IBS-related nausea, and it can be used alongside CBD for a combined approach to symptom management.

Increased Fiber Intake: For some individuals, increasing fiber intake can help regulate bowel movements. Pairing this with CBD might offer synergistic relief for both constipation and diarrhea-predominant IBS.

FAQs: CBD for IBS

How should I use CBD for IBS?

The best way to use CBD for IBS is to start with a low dose and gradually increase it as needed. This allows you to find the optimal dosage that works for your individual symptoms without experiencing unwanted side effects. 

It’s generally recommended to begin with a low dose of full-spectrum CBD oil, as this type of CBD contains all the beneficial compounds of the hemp plant, including a small amount of THC (within legal limits), which may contribute to the “entourage effect” and enhance the therapeutic benefits. 

You can administer CBD oil sublingually (under the tongue) for faster absorption, or you can mix it with food or beverages. 

Keep a journal to track your dosage and how it affects your IBS symptoms. This will help you and your healthcare provider determine the most effective treatment plan. Remember that individual responses to CBD can vary, so patience and consistency are key. 

Is CBD legal?

Yes, CBD derived from hemp with less than 0.3% THC is federally legal in the United States. 

How long does it take for CBD to work for IBS symptoms?

The time it takes for CBD to show noticeable effects on IBS symptoms can vary widely from person to person. Some individuals may experience relief within a few hours of taking CBD, while others may need to use it consistently for several weeks before seeing significant improvements. 

Factors that can influence the onset of effects include the severity of your IBS, your individual body chemistry, the dosage and quality of the CBD product, and the method of administration. It’s important to be patient and consistent with your CBD regimen and to track your symptoms to monitor its effectiveness. 

Can I take CBD with other IBS medications?

While CBD is generally considered safe, it’s essential to consult with your healthcare provider before combining it with other IBS medications or any other prescription or over-the-counter drugs. 

Is CBD oil the same as hemp oil?

No, CBD oil and hemp oil are not the same. Although both are derived from the hemp plant, they come from different parts of the plant and have different compositions. 

CBD oil is extracted from the flowers, leaves, and stalks of the hemp plant and contains varying concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD) and other cannabinoids. 

Hemp oil, also known as hemp seed oil, is derived solely from the seeds of the hemp plant and contains minimal to no CBD. Hemp oil is rich in omega fatty acids and other nutrients but does not offer the same therapeutic benefits as CBD oil. 

When purchasing CBD oil, make sure to check the label to ensure it specifies the CBD content. 

How do I choose a high-quality CBD product for IBS?

Choosing a high-quality CBD product is crucial for ensuring its safety and effectiveness. Look for products that meet the following criteria:

Third-party tested: Reputable brands will have their products independently tested by a third-party laboratory to verify their CBD content, purity, and potency. These test results, often available as a Certificate of Analysis (COA), should be readily accessible on the company’s website. 

Full-spectrum or broad-spectrum: Full-spectrum CBD oil contains all the naturally occurring compounds in the hemp plant, including a small amount of THC (within legal limits). 

Derived from organically grown hemp: Choose products made from hemp grown organically to minimize the risk of contamination with pesticides and other harmful substances.

Transparent labeling: The product label should clearly state the CBD content, ingredients, and manufacturer information.

Reputable brand: Research the brand’s reputation and read customer reviews to ensure they are known for producing high-quality products.

Final Thoughts

While more research is needed, CBD shows promise as a potential complementary therapeutic help for managing IBS symptoms. If you’re considering trying CBD for IBS, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss your individual needs and ensure it’s a safe and appropriate option for you. For those seeking a high-quality full-spectrum CBD oil, at Vitality, we offer premium products that may be beneficial for your wellness journey.

References

Brugnatelli V, Turco F, Freo U, Zanette G. Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Manipulating the Endocannabinoid System as First-Line Treatment. Front Neurosci. 2020 Apr 21;14:371. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00371. PMID: 32372912; PMCID: PMC7186328. 

Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Letter to the Editor • J. Coloproctol. (Rio J.) 41 (04) • Oct-Dec 2021 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739168 

Gyires K, Zádori ZS. Role of Cannabinoids in Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense and Inflammation. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(8):935-951. doi: 10.2174/1570159×14666160303110150. PMID: 26935536; PMCID: PMC5333598.

Story G, Briere CE, McClements DJ, Sela DA. Cannabidiol and Intestinal Motility: a Systematic Review. Curr Dev Nutr. 2023 Jul 17;7(10):101972. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.101972. PMID: 37786751; PMCID: PMC10541995.